东北财经大学学报

在加快建设全国统一大市场的背景下，数字科技作为促进市场一体化的关键力量，其赋能全国统一大市场建设的内在机理亟待系统剖析。为解决现有研究多采用宏观数字经济指标所引发的内生性问题，本文将研究视角延伸至技术创新的源头，以数字经济核心产业发明专利为切入点，运用双向固定效应模型实证检验数字科技对市场一体化的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明，数字科技能够促进市场一体化，并且数字科技通过资本、知识和劳动力三类要素的数字化重组，重塑了要素跨地区流动与市场匹配机制，从而在结构上促进市场一体化，赋能全国统一大市场建设。同时，不同类型的数字科技在技术属性与产业嵌入上存在差异，其对市场一体化的促进作用表现出明显的异质性。基于此，本文从弥合数字鸿沟、激励源头创新、畅通要素流动通道及创新数字监管四个维度，为高质量赋能全国统一大市场建设提出了系统性的政策建议。

This study systematically examines how digital technology promotes the construction of a unified national market through factor mobility mechanisms, from the perspective of technological supply of the digital economy. Unlike prior studies that primarily focus on outcome-based digitalization indicators, this research employs patents from core digital economy industries as a micro-level proxy to identify the actual impact of digital technology innovation, aiming to reveal the internal logic of the integrated evolution of “technology-factors-markets”.Using multi-dimensional panel data from 273 prefecture-level cities from 2012 to 2022, this study constructs a city-level measure of invention patents from core digital industries to empirically assess the impact of digital technology innovation on the construction of a unified national market. The results confirm that digital technology innovation significantly promotes the construction of a unified national market: both the number of granted patents and the total number of patents show robust positive effects. Moreover, granted patents exhibit a stronger impact than patent applications, indicating that technological maturity and applicability are crucial for realizing the empowering effects of digital technology.Mechanism tests further demonstrate that digital technology promotes market integration through three interrelated channels. First, by advancing digital inclusive finance and improving credit accessibility, it facilitates the cross-regional flow of capital. Second, by increasing employment in information and software sectors and stimulating local spending on science and education, it enhances human capital upgrading and knowledge diffusion. Third, by reducing labor market segmentation, it improves interregional labor mobility and matching efficiency. Together, these channels form a coherent transmission chain linking technological supply, factor market integration, and market unification. Heterogeneity analysis reveals significant differences across digital industries in building a unified national market. Digital product manufacturing provides the physical foundation through innovations in computing and communication technologies; digital product services ensure the stable operation of digital infrastructure; digital technology applications reshape market transaction structures through platformization; and digital factor-driven industries strengthen market trust and institutional foundations through advances in data property rights and governance. These findings reveal that the role of digital technology is multi-layered and systemic, operating through a collaborative innovation ecosystem that jointly drives market integration.Based on these findings, we propose a four-pronged policy framework: promote a balanced deployment of digital infrastructure and accelerate initiatives such as the “East Data, West Computing” project; stimulate foundational technological innovation and knowledge diffusion to foster an open and shared digital innovation ecosystem; facilitate the cross-regional flow of capital, talent, and labor; innovate the digital regulatory regime, improve competition and data governance policies, and ensure an institutional balance between efficiency and equity throughout the digital transformation.